An Oral Lesion Compendium is a comprehensive reference guide that categorizes and describes various oral lesions, including their clinical appearance, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. It is used by dental professionals, including general dentists, oral pathologists, and specialists, to identify and manage oral diseases effectively.
Types of Oral Lesions in a Compendium
Oral lesions can be classified into different categories based on their characteristics and causes:
1. White Lesions
- Leukoplakia: A white patch that cannot be wiped off; may be precancerous.
- Oral Lichen Planus: A chronic inflammatory condition with lace-like white patterns.
- Candidiasis (Oral Thrush): Fungal infection that appears as white, curd-like plaques.
2. Red Lesions
- Erythroplakia: A red, velvety patch with a high risk of malignancy.
- Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions like stomatitis, angular cheilitis, and glossitis.
3. Ulcerative Lesions
- Aphthous Ulcers (Canker Sores): Small, painful ulcers with a white or yellow center.
- Herpetic Lesions (Cold Sores): Caused by herpes simplex virus, presenting as fluid-filled blisters.
4. Pigmented Lesions
- Melanotic Macules: Benign dark patches, often on the lips or gums.
- Oral Melanoma: A rare but serious pigmented malignancy.
5. Vesiculobullous Lesions
- Pemphigus Vulgaris: An autoimmune disease causing fragile blisters.
- Bullous Pemphigoid: Large blisters due to immune dysfunction.
6. Cancerous and Precancerous Lesions
- Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): The most common oral cancer, often starting as leukoplakia or erythroplakia.
- Actinic Cheilitis: A precancerous lesion caused by sun exposure, affecting the lips.
Purpose of an Oral Lesion Compendium
- Aids in accurate diagnosis and differentiation of oral lesions.
- Helps in determining the need for biopsy or further investigation.
- Guides dentists in treatment planning, whether medical, surgical, or referral-based.
- Supports patient education on risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, and viral infections.